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Background: An important medical concern of the Iraq war is the potential long-term effect of mild traumatic brain injury, or concussion, particularly from blast explosions. However, the epidemiology of combat-related mild traumat...
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Background: An important medical concern of the Iraq war is the potential long-term effect of mild traumatic brain injury, or concussion, particularly from blast explosions. However, the epidemiology of combat-related mild traumatic brain injury is poorly understood. Methods: We surveyed 2525 U.S. Army infantry soldiers 3 to 4 months after their return from a year-long deployment to Iraq. Validated clinical instruments were used to compare soldiers reporting mild traumatic brain injury, defined as an injury with loss of consciousness or altered mental status (e.g., dazed or confused), with soldiers who reported other injuries. Results: Of 2525 soldiers, 124 (4.9%) reported injuries with loss of consciousness, 260 (10.3%) reported injuries with altered mental status, and 435 (17.2%) reported other injuries during deployment. Of those reporting loss of consciousness, 43.9% met criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as compared with 27.3% of those reporting altered mental status, 16.2% with other injuries, and 9.1% with no injury. Soldiers with mild traumatic brain injury, primarily those who had loss of consciousness, were significantly more likely to report poor general health, missed workdays, medical visits, and a high number of somatic and postconcussive symptoms than were soldiers with other injuries. However, after adjustment for PTSD and depression, mild traumatic brain injury was no longer significantly associated with these physical health outcomes or symptoms, except for headache. Conclusions: Mild traumatic brain injury (i.e., concussion) occurring among soldiers deployed in Iraq is strongly associated with PTSD and physical health problems 3 to 4 months after the soldiers return home. PTSD and depression are important mediators of the relationship between mild traumatic brain injury and physical health problems.
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Battlemind is a Soldier's inner strength to face fear and adversity in combat with courage. The predeployment Battlemind training program is designed to build Soldier resiliency by developing his/her self-confidence and mental tou...
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Battlemind is a Soldier's inner strength to face fear and adversity in combat with courage. The predeployment Battlemind training program is designed to build Soldier resiliency by developing his/her self-confidence and mental toughness. The training focuses on Soldier strengths, identifying specific actions that Soldiers and leaders can engage in to meet the challenges of combat. The pre-deployment training consists of unique modules for Soldiers, leaders, reservists, and families. The post-deployment Battlemind training focuses on transitioning from combat to home. The acronym 'BATTLEMIND' identifies ten combat skills that if adapted will facilitate the transition home. The post-deployment Battlemind training consists of two training modules to be conducted at different times post-deployment. The first training module is intended to be given within the first two weeks of returning home. The focus of this initial transition training is on safety, relationships, as well as normalizing to common reactions and symptoms resulting from combat. The second training module is designed to be given at 3-6 months post-deployment. This follow-up post-deployment training is designed so that Soldiers can conduct their own 'Battlemind Check' of themselves as well as that of their buddies, allowing them to know when to seek help. The training ends by addressing those barriers which prevent Soldiers from seeking help. The Battlemind training is designed to be given in small groups to encourage interaction and discussion, requiring approximately 35-40 min to complete.
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PLATINUM is an experimental operating system kernel designed to facilitate research on memory management systems for Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) Multiprocessor Architectures. It exports to user programs a simple abstraction o...
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PLATINUM is an experimental operating system kernel designed to facilitate research on memory management systems for Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) Multiprocessor Architectures. It exports to user programs a simple abstraction of a shared memory multiprocessor in which all memory appears to be uniformly and rapidly accessible from all processors in the machine. The perceived uniformity on top of a non-uniform physical memory architecture is supported by an abstraction called coherent memory. Implemented in software as an extension of a directory-based caching mechanism using invalidation, coherent memory attempts to transparently migrate and replicate data to locations that are physically close to the processors that use it. A fundamental property of PLATINUM coherent memory is that it automatically reverts to the use of remote memory access for data that is not amenable to caching. PLATINUM (Platform for Investigation Non-Uniform Memory) currently runs on BBN Butterfly Plus Computers. This report is an overview of PLATINUM. In addition to motivating the project and presenting our research plans, we describe the interface that the kernel provides to its users. (kr)
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The final report is for a five-year study designed primarily to develop more effective methods and materials for establishing permanent vegetative cover on subsoil slope areas along Louisiana highways. The prevalence of acid soils...
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The final report is for a five-year study designed primarily to develop more effective methods and materials for establishing permanent vegetative cover on subsoil slope areas along Louisiana highways. The prevalence of acid soils in most of the State makes necessary the addition of an average of 1 1/2 tons of lime per acre. Basic nutrient elements must also be used to obtain a satisfactory stand of turf. Equally important is initial seedbed preparation (the authors state that this is the key to producing an effective cover on roadside slopes. (Author)
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